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BCG vaccine - Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination

BCG Vaccine

BCG is the vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB) and has been used in the fight against TB for over 100 years. To date, the BCG/TB vaccine remains as the most widely used vaccine worldwide and has been given to more than 4 billion individuals with astonishing safety records.

Why is the BCG vaccine important?

The BCG vaccine is highly effective in infants and children at protecting against severe forms of TB. Furthermore, research has shown that BCG vaccination helps protect adults and children against non-TB mycobacterium, including Leprosy, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as Pneumonia and Influenza. In addition, research studies have shown that BCG injection may have a beneficial effect on the recurrence of Herpex Simplex virus in adults, as well as assist with management of Type 1 Diabetes by improving glycaemic control and lowering HbA1c levels.

 

The TB vaccine is not included in the routine Australian immunisation schedule, known as the National Immunisation Program (NIP) Schedule, since TB is not common within Australia. However, immunisation with BCG is recommended for Australians travelling to a high TB incidence country/region or for those who are at a greater risk of being exposed to TB.

The effects of TB

TB is caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB not only affects the lungs, but can also affect the brain, spine and cause widespread disease (disseminated TB), particularly in infants and children. It can cause serious illness and death if left untreated.

When will the BCG vaccine take effect?

On average, BCG immunisation takes around 4-6 weeks to build a sufficient immune response and it can take up to 3 months to take full effect. Therefore, BCG vaccination should be scheduled in Australia soon after your travel plans have been confirmed.

Photo of TB specialist holding BCG vaccine vial

BCG Vaccine Research

Does the BCG vaccine provide protection against Tuberculosis (TB)? Emerging research shows BCG injection provides protection not only against TB, but even other non-TB infections. TB vaccination helps to prevent not only TB disease (active TB), but also TB infection (latent TB). BCG vaccination is worthwhile in Australia, as it ensures greater protection against TB, the world's number one infectious disease.

See below to view research articles about the BCG vaccine, including studies conducted within Australia.

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